Asian Civilizations museum, Chinatown, Clark Quay

The whole weekend must be broken up by day, so here's Friday:

In the morning there was an awesomely interesting lab meeting, where I got to learn what half of my research group here does (my new labmates for the summer are pretty awesome and very multicultural) - lots of synthetic biology and metabolic engineering optimization for biofuel production as well as biosensing (with cells). I also got to present my preliminary data and plan for the summer. The equipment I shipped from the US got here nice and sound after tons of paperwork - so I'll be able to start right away!

In the afternoon several of us EAPSI participants went downtown to get our Work Holiday Passes from MoM (Ministry of Manpower, which we all call the Ministry of Magic). That was a quick process, after which we wondered around downtown a bit and came across an Asian Civilizations Museum. It was free and SPECTACULAR. I'm going to put only a few pictures here, as there were SO many awesome things there..

At the museum

Afterwards we headed to Chinatown for dinner and walking around - found some grilled stingray and a delicious seafood omelet. Hau also got the famous Chili Crab - yum! We were starving!

Barebeque sting ray!

Famous Chili Crab

We were thirsty!

Temple on the edge of Chinatown

Chinatown street

After Chinatown some of us decided to grab a Tiger beer and chill. We then went to the Clark Quay district - which is just a beautiful area by the water full of bars, clubs, and restaurants. It's also fun to just walk around and people-watch. We met up with some other EAPSI students at a local brewery and I had some delicious raspberry beer which was not sweet at all (unlike a lambic). Afterwards we headed home because we were going to wake up early the next day for hiking and monkey-watching!

Clark Quay - very pretty waterfron!

Group at CQ

A quick tour around the city

On Tuesday we were taken on a micro-tour of the city.
Visited the:
 National Gallery

National Museum

Esplenade and walking around outside

Finishing off at the Night Safari - which was pretty awesome.

I also tried some Durian beancurd and ice cream. Was pretty good, especially the beancurd, but there was definitely an aftertaste for a while =x

Welcome to Singapore!

Flight was long, what can I say. My feet were a bit swollen for two days afterwards =X I watched like... 10 movies and read a whole book! Due to some delays, me and another EAPSI fellow who was on the same flight, Katelyn, didn't get into our rooms at Graduate Hall at NTU till 6 or 7am. Sleep was glorious :)

The first day that we were here was "free" so a few of us went to the mall to buy some supplies and take in the atmosphere. Malls are super popular here and shopping is big, so it was pretty crowded. 

Had the first experience here with Singaporean food, which can be really really cheap. For example, chicken rice, which, although is more the size of a snack for ME, is about $1.50 (and that's less in US dollars). Other, larger meals, are around $3-$5 if you go to the cheaper places. Eating out is definitely going to be what I'll have to do the most, as we don't really even have a way to cook food, nor a fridge (except one in a common room downstairs). Riding the MRT (metro) and taking the bus is also super cheap, around a dollar or so. Coffee is around 50 cents.

Waiting for the bus.

More waiting for the bus.

On our first official day we had the opening ceremony (where one person stated that Singapore has two types of weather: outside (humid) and inside (air conditioned)), met with my host advisor, and did a whole bunch of administrative stuff (like getting some checks!), and then went to the mall AGAIN (though a different one). Had my first "hawker center" (basically open food court with food stands with huge variety of food) experience, though this one was air conditioned. 

Not the best picture but you get a sense of the LARGE amounts of cheap food =p

English in Singapore can be a bit difficult to understand, as people will often not only use slang, but also words from other languages, like Chinese dialects and Malay etc. It sounds English, but you catch yourself asking again and again what the person said. At least all the signs are in English!

Also, here they drive on the left side of the road like in England (and correspondingly have the driver's seat on the right side). 

Singapore also has surprisingly a lot of open space and doesn't feel very crammed-in like you'd expect from a small island nation.

Off we go!

This summer I'll be doing a lot of documentation of my adventures abroad.

I was fortunate to receive that EAPSI NSF fellowship, which is funding me to go to Singapore to do research for the summer. I'll be working at a lab headed by one of my advisor's past post-docs, working on a project titled "Actuating gene expression with electric signals". Cool stuff :)

For those of you who are not sure where Singapore is - it's basically a the southern tip of Malaysia, east of India, and north west of all the Indonesia islands. Basically South East Asia.

I've basically been packing clothes for warm and humid weather, and  buying lots of sunscreen and bug spray!

Singapore!

Although it's surrounded by countries that people don't really see as developed, Singapore is actually very westernized, well-connected, stable, and air-conditioned! Though I don't think they have Chipotle there :(

But I am pretty excited for all the food! So many Asian things to eat and try! 

Flying to Singapore is one of the farthest/longest flights one can take from the East Coast - I'll be just FLYING for 24 hours (and about 3-4 hrs of layovers). I don't really sleep well unless it's a comfy bed and is quiet, so this will be interesting (got me a few books and magazines!).

How I wish I was traveling (this is from Singapore Airlines)

Anyways, just a short intro. I'll try to include lots of pictures and interesting bits. I'll be taking LOTS of pictures and videos and post them online, so if you're a friend of mine and want to know how to get to them, let me know :)

Cyborg implants for all

Yeah yeah.. I haven't posted in a while. Not due to lack of cool things going on or no ideas.. just due to a busy life and laziness =P

Anyways.... this is one of my all-time favorite topics, on which I could go on forever, but I will try really hard to keep this short and to the point.

One of media's favorite cyborgs.

Many movies, TV shows, books, computer games, etc. present a future for humanity where humans are technologically augmented. Super strong muscles, extreme load-bearing limbs, fast reflexes, eagle-vision, amazing healing capabilities, and the ability to download information and control computers with our brains - these are just a few of the visions of what a cyborg of the future would have. Technologically-enhanced humans.. - oh how we wish we could make ourselves better and have superpowers.

Enter the present day cyborg - likely a limb-loss victim, a diabetic or epileptic patient, or a monkey. Prosthetic limbs are the cyborg "parts" that have probably made the most progress to date (I guess except for insulin implants), but they by no means are as good as a real limb just yet. Without going into too much details about current cyborg-y research, the main theme that unites most of it is the goal of regaining lost function. Limbs, kidneys, hearing and vision aids for those who have lost their natural counterparts.

Modern day cyborg

Now, while this is an important area in medical research and would give many people the ability to live normal lives again, what about the healthy individual? Maybe we want to have some sort of nifty implant that would give us a cool extra ability? I'm sure (one day in the far future) we would all want to have enhanced memory, strong muscles, and other augmentations I mentioned above. The problem is that the majority of research is focused on regaining function, not on augmentation. And yes, there is a difference and a problem there... Not only in the type and NUMBER of individuals that are used as subjects and would be the potential "customers", but in the way the world views the whole idea of cyborgs. Implants or artificial limbs are still seen as something of a crutch, something unnatural (even profane). More importantly, the people who would eventually use the products are relatively few compared to the population of the world as a whole, keeping costs high, limiting the research capabilities of  companies and laboratories, and thwarting innovation. This type of research is expensive!!! What we need is a popularization of "cyborg parts", with the companies doing the research being able to earn enough to keep the innovations coming for both healthy and impaired individuals.

Here's my point - I think that if we really want to one day have normal healthy individuals want to have cyborg augmentations and for those with impaired function to have comparable regain in function, we have to start portraying that kind of stuff as something not only useful and safe, but "hip". Basically, here is what I think may need to happen:

1. Person/company (start up or already existing) comes up with a simple "second skin" or attachable electronic "implant" - a customizable tatoo, a UV measurement patch, a watch display - something that wouldn't be invasive and give some sort of benefit/function to the user, like a smartphone, that the user would like to have with them at all times. Lots of possibilities here.
2. Have celebrities/show hosts/athletes/etc. use it and make it cool - or advertise a lot. The widespread use will be important to drive prices down and make it acceptable to people. 
3. Having a "rockstar" of the company/movement would be helpful - think Bill Gates, Steve Jobs, Mark Zuckerberg etc. Someone to represent and embody the movement and products.
4. Come up with something slightly more invasive/complicated/useful and repeat steps 1 and 2... If the company/companies make a lot of money and the market opens up for competition - this will drive innovation for making cyborg implants for the common individual as well as those who are impaired.

One important obstacle here is that unlike Apple or Facebook, a company that makes implants will actually have to be more like a pharmaceutical or medical device company in the sense of the types of testing and research that it does. Once the implants have to actually be surgically implanted, there will need to be LOTS of testing done before a product comes out. BUT, if the company concurrently provides products which are minimally invasive and are safe, it will be able to make enough money to support the research on more complicated cyborg parts. That of course depends on the product being popular. 

Borg?

Of course, it will still be important to continue research to help those with lost function, and I think that if above company/companies were to make enough money to be able to do a wide variety of research, medically-relevant applications would be more feasible than they are today.

Anyways, this is just something I've been thinking about lately, and I think that would be one way towards a future where most humans are augmented in some way. 

Anyone want to do this with me? :)

What I learned in my first year of grad school

Grad school... grade school...

Almost a year ago I was just entering grad school, and thankfully this year did NOT fly by. There were so many varied experiences I had that it seemed to take it’s sweet time.
About a year ago, when I arrived at the university, I had tons of optimism and hope and was giddily excited for the learning and the research and all the doors that were opening for me in science and in life in general. For any of you that are either considering grad school, are currently in grad school, or just want to know what grad school is like, I list here a few of the lessons I’ve learned, observations I’ve made, and other interesting tidbits that presented themselves during my first year as a PhD student. (By the way, here is only ONE, though my favorite, link about other grad school info)

1. Know the program you’re getting into: how big it is DOES matter, the amount and types of classes and credits you have to take DOES matter, the prerequisites, the way you’re funded, and especially your PhD qualifier all are important. DON’T just look at the cool research being done.

2. However, you definitely do want to take a look at the research, usually done through the internet. This will be a TINY FRACTION of what the professors will tell you about when you first talk with them, which is also another (albeit not as small) fraction of what they plan on doing, would like to do, or would agree for you to research under them. Don’t limit yourself by not going to/applying to a school that doesn’t have your one specific interest if you like everything else about it. You will most likely find a way.

3. If you’re moving to a whole new area, decide whether you want roommates, and if you do, how many and what kind of living situation. Roommates can be awesome and become the people you hang out with and meet a lot more people through (as was fortunately my case ) or they can be a burden. If you don’t know your roommates ahead of time it’s a toss of the coin really - think of whether it’s worth the risk.

4. Entering grad school can be like entering undergrad: the orientation and classes where you meet your classmates and everyone is seeking to make friends, the exploration of a new college town, the learning your way around campus are all exciting. There are of course, plenty of ways in which grad school is nothing like undergrad: you will not know about the campus or it’s history, and you will probably not care as much about the sports teams. Nor will you feel a part of the undergrad crowd.

5. On picking an advisor/lab: There are plenty of articles out there about this. In summary: pick someone whose personality/work style complements yours, or someone who is the only one who will fund your obsessive quest for creating sentient noodles (or something similar). Know what he/she will want you to do and the kind of updates and work schedule you’ll have. Though honestly, until you’re actually a part of the lab, you won’t know the whole deal.

6. If you have some hobbies extracurricular activities you do, DO make sure that you can keep them up at whatever area you’re moving to if they are important to you.

7. In grad courses, your professors will treat you much more like colleagues, take your opinion on class structure more seriously, and provide you with information and knowledge much more specific to your field. If you’re in the right field/program you will LOVE IT. Given that though, there will be times when you hate life because a class is very hard, or you THINK you may not use something in your doctoral research. But honestly, why would you say no to knowledge which can only help you since it’s in your field, even if you may not want to delve deep into it?

8. Mostly, your program wants you to pass your classes and qualifier, since it will look bad if you fail out. People do fail out, however, so in my opinion, you should still try hard in classes (though not obsessively to the detriment of everything else).

9. Go to seminars - they’re loaded with cutting edge information, and you get the chance to talk to the researchers.

10. Think of the area around the university as a resource extension. Not only in the “get away and have fun” sort of way, but also think of the other nearby universities, government centers, and industry in your field. In the sciences those matter more than you think. The DC area, for example, has not only the FDA, NIST, NIH, NSF but also medical schools and pharma/life science/engineering companies in the vicinity. If your program allows you to do research in those places, the opportunities for you open up by A LOT, not to mention contacts for possible future jobs.

11. You’ll start to understand PHD comics and chuckle uneasily.

So here’s just some stuff I think is important - but like I said again, there’s tons of info out there, especially the link I have above is a good starting point. Basically, grad school is unlike undergrad, and it’s unlike “the real world” - it’s in a whole other dimension and grad students are another group of people who really like to make fun of their own lives and predicaments.

Video games: Are they good or bad for you?

Video and computer games are some of the most common pastimes of people in our generation and those younger than us, and the gaming industry pulls in billions of dollars each year. As a relatively new "invention" games and their effects have been scrutinized and put under fire by many politicians, counselors, parents, etc. I want to present here some of this information, both the good and the bad, tell you my opinion, and then let you decide for yourself whether the games you are playing are a waste of time or maybe, just maybe, games can be of some value beyond their hours of entertainment.

The Bad

The media tends to promote the idea that "video games are evil", mostly because it makes for interesting stories with more shock value - and more viewers. Video games have been blamed aplenty for breaking up marriages and giving rise to so called "video game widows" (wiki has some links). News companies and anti-gaming crusaders have used tragic shootings to blame video games for such incidents. The argument that playing violent video games (such as the classic example of Grand Theft Auto being the root of all evil) is the cause of violent behavior has been largely based on misinterpretation, as crime has actually declined since video games came into the world. The small minority of individuals who are already aggressive are more likely to be playing violent games if they are available to them, but it doesn't mean that everyone who plays violent video games is more prone to such unspeakable acts.

I know plenty of gamers who will shoot at avatars with great enthusiasm in games, but would never hurt a thing in real life. Correlation does not imply causation, as we know from science, though the relationship between video games and violence is probably going to be murky for a long time, since there may indeed be a minority of individuals who may be "encouraged" to be more violent due to playing video games. In this world, you can't rule anything out.

Video game addiction is certainly real and dangerous, and has been compared to drug addiction, as well as gambling and alcohol. Lots of people's lives are hurt, relationships are destroyed, classes are flunked, and real life social interaction abilities go down the drain. Not to downplay the situations, but the person usually has to have some addictive tendencies for that to happen. (again wiki for more info) The video games just make this come out. I know plenty of people with "mild" video game addiction - where hours are sucked away playing games without the person noticing, followed by pangs of guilt and feelings of having wasted one's life. I have certainly stayed up many a night playing video games, only to regret it in the morning.

Why does this happen so often, you ask? Let me hypothesize... Probably for the same reason that these games are so enjoyable. They provide you with a state of flow (read this if you don't know what that is, it's applicable to many areas of life). In other words, you're "in the groove" and it feels awesome, and you don't want to get out. Interesting how many of the conditions of flow sound like they'd be the same for addiction...

Anyway, for more "dangers" of video games (rise in inactivity, inability to focus or do homework, loneliness - you name it), just google it up or ask a frustrated mom of a 30 year old jobless son living in her basement who does nothing but play video games.

The Good

Lets move on to something more cheerful, the benefits of gaming! Here, thankfully, there is some nice scientific data. I'd like to say outright that here I'm talking about the benefits mostly of already existing games that are marketed for pure entertainment value, not "virtual learning tools" or specifically designed "brain training games", though I will mention these.

Video game playing, especially on consoles, has been shown in several studies to help surgeons acquire certain techniques quicker and be more dexterous with their tools. Action gamers were found to have better contrast sensitivity, visual acuity, and more precise multisensory temporal processing abilities.

This Boston Globe article talks about how playing certain video games, even if you're an 80 year old in a rehab home, can improve scores on memory, reasoning, and multitasking tests (they used the real time strategy game Rise of Nations for the study). The effects can last up to two and a half years after eight weeks of play. Research shows that playing a specific video game will make you more efficient at playing that game, with which come a number of changes in the brain related with higher level functions such as spatial abilities, sensory data integration, and planning.

Complexity in games.

Another article argues that the inherent complexity of many modern video games and the cognitive skills and speed needed to make sense of the environments, develop strategies, and react to the virtual worlds quickly has led the video-game-playing generation to have higher IQ's and respond better to a more complex world. I won't dwell on this, so read the source. The article also points out that although for most of us gaming is something we will not readily put on our resume, the senior engineering manager at Yahoo says that the skills he gained from leading a guild in World of Warcraft have helped him in his real life job. It seems that maybe.. just maybe.. in the future you will be able to put on your resume if you were a guild leader or were a guild officer in an online game, and it may actually give you a boost.

Contrary to the claim that games make you antisocial, as the gamers know, many video games are actually pro-social environments, and I definitely have better relationships with my friends due to playing video games with them (and of course we all know that a good round of Mario Party can do wonders). Teamwork often comes into play, as does communication and planning. Many online guilds let people interact with others who share similar interests and provide positive social environments. Of course there are always going to be party-poopers and haters, but that's not specific to video games by any means.

So now that we have evidence that playing video games changes our brains in various (mostly beneficial?) ways, will designers use this to make games to harness these effects? There are multiple examples of developments of video games that are intended to improve plasticity both in the brain and in the visual system in non-gamer adults for better quality of life and for rehabilitation . The navy also wants to use them to train soldiers with all these visual and cognitive benefits. Sadly though, some of the currently available "brain training" games have not shown to transfer to tasks that were not video-game-related. I will have to do another post on the topic of video games and virtual simulators/teaching tools designed for purposes other than entertainment.

Research relating to video games is quite nascent, and I think that further probing into it will reveal more of the cognitive effects that games have on us humans and our squishy brains.

Now that we've looked at how playing various video games can change the way your senses and brain work, lets look at WHAT you can actually learn from video games. This really depends on what game you're playing. If you're playing something like Tetris, you may learn how to fit blocks better together, which can help you with spacial reasoning. Playing realistic first person shooters can give you knowledge of various weapons, locales in the world, vehicles, and foreign phrases (often not ones you'll want to use in real life). The US army has a game out that they use as a recruiting tool.

Playing historical strategy, action, or adventure games can give you information about the historical settings, customs, and figures. Flight simulators are actually often quite realistic, and who knows, may one day help you if you're stuck in a plane with no pilot. Then, of course, there's this kid, who survived a moose attack due to concepts he learned from World of Warcraft. Rock Band, Guitar Hero, and Dance Dance Revolution cannot really teach you how to play guitar or dance, but perhaps they may give you better rhythm abilities. Overall, a lot of the games can really teach you about how the world works, if even in a small roundabout way (think SimCity).

So are video games good or bad, and what's their value?

We've seen that there are definitely bad things that can result from playing video games - usually from playing too much in an uncontrolled way. We've also seen that there can be cognitive, visual, and knowledge-based benefits from playing certain games. So are games good or bad for us? I think that one of the articles I read put it quite nicely by saying that video games are a MEDIUM, and are not inherently good or bad. Medium like music, movies, and books.

Don't think you'll ever visit anything like this in real life.

There will be the good, the bad, and the ugly, but in the end the purpose of video games is to entertain and engage, and in this many of them succeed marvelously. I think that as long as one does not put video game playing in front of other important real world responsibilities, gaming can be more enjoyable than reading books or watching movies (there are plenty of games with stories and worlds as complex and exciting as Lord of the Rings, for example).

Games can bring people together, put you in worlds that you'll never get to experience in real life, and boost your creativity, among the other things I mentioned. The relatively few negative effects of gaming on the majority of the population that the media seems to exaggerate will probably stop being so blown up once the kids who grew up on video games grow up and become the senators, CEO's, and news anchors.

Should you play video games if you don't already? I think if you pick the right games, you may reap some cognitive benefits, and learn things you otherwise wouldn't. Mainly though, you'd have an interactive entertainment experience unlike any other. If you choose the right games, that is. I personally don't play games because I think they give me some sort of boost, but purely out of sheer love of virtual awesomeness.

As a side note, this came out to be a lot longer than I intended (and I could have made it much longer still), and I apologize for that (and for all of you who say TLDR - shame!). Next time I'll break posts like this up. I do hope it was somewhat insightful though!